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Abstract
This thesis presents a new method to develop and introduce ubiquitous and wearable
computing applications in real-world settings. In particular, this thesis lists and
discusses a set of requirements in order to overcome the tension between user-center
methods and the introduction of radically new concepts and technology.
Based upon these requirements, a detailed review is presented over established devel-
opment processes in the fields of software engineering, software design, user-centered
design, and participatory design. One major finding is that cooperation with users
during the development is necessary. But too close cooperation with users and, more
generally, with stakeholders involved may also hinder radically new developments:
Stakeholders are trapped into their daily routines, which may sometimes suppress
the ability to envision concepts that radically depart from today. Two case studies
are presented that followed a technology-driven approach (proactive furniture as-
sembly) and a classical user-centered design approach (for doctors). It is reflected
on why these projects failed, what could be learned from the experience, and how
these findings inspired the design of the proposed X’treme Prototyping approach.
The proposed notion of X’treme Prototyping aims at creating serious and, most
importantly innovative ubiquitous and wearable computing applications in cooper-
ation with users and stakeholders. A deliberate use of prototypes, referred to as
X’treme Prototypes, is proposed and evaluated as a valid method to achieve this
goal. In addition to that, two approaches, referred to as sensor-opportunities-based
and artifact-based approach, are presented that provide technical aid for rapid de-
velopments of ubiquitous and wearable computing applications.
Furthermore, two case studies of introducing wearable sensing technology to avalanche
rescue and professional downhill skiing are described. Both studies discuss the ex-
periences we gained by applying X’treme Prototyping in practice. Both studies show
and discuss the feasibility of the presented approach.
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