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2
State of the Art of Application
Development Processes
Within this chapter the state of the art of established application development
processes will be reviewed. In order to evaluate and compare these very di erent
development approaches Section 2.1 will pose several requirements that should be
fulfilled by an ideal development process yielding innovations that radically depart
from existing systems. By means of these requirements Section 2.2 will present the
various prominent and mature processes, such as software-engineering, user-centered
design, and participatory design. Furthermore, it discusses a few processes that have
emerged from the field of ubiquitous and wearable computing. Finally, Section 2.3
leads over to the X’treme Prototyping approach presented in Chapter 4.
2.1 Requirements:
How to Build Innovative Applications
This section discusses various requirements an application development process
should meet in order to produce innovative ubiquitous and wearable computing ap-
plications. This list of requirements is based on our own experience of introducing
innovative applications as well as on discussions with other researchers. These re-
quirements will later be used to review existing processes (see Section 2.2). This will
hopefully help to propose and introduce the X’treme Prototype method (see Chap-
ter 4) as a synthesis of other approaches. The ultimate goal of such an approach is
to move ubiquitous and wearable technology from laboratory-based demonstrators
to real-life applications. In the following the requirements for an ideal development
process are presented.
Early stage support: Currently, designing ubiquitous and wearable computing
mostly means designing for the early stage: designers are still looking for ideas and
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