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Chapter 1. Introduction: The Dilemma of Inventions
Chapter 5 proposes two frameworks that may help to guide and streamline work
processes when applying X’treme Prototyping. First, this chapter analyzes
di erent means of sensing of humans and human activity. In particular we
identify six sensing goals, referred to as dimensions of sensing: Person ID (1),
Object Use (2), Location (3), Bio Signs/Emotions (4), Activity (5), and Inter-
action Among Humans (6). Those dimensions together with di erent sensor
placements are used to review and analyze ubiquitous computing research re-
lated to physical interaction and sensing. The resulting framework supports
application designers in finding appropriate sensors during system design.
In the second part, this chapter proposes a model for perception as part of
the so-called artifact-based approach. It is based on a layered model, discrimi-
nating functionality on artifact, setting, and application level. The model has
been implemented on the Smart-Its platform and o ers a toolkit for building
systems. The approach was evaluated by building applications, two of which
are also reported in this section. The wider applicability of this model was as-
sessed by analyzing how further applications could map onto the artifact-based
approach.
Chapter 6 describes the first case study where X’treme Prototyping was applied.
It describes a project where wearable sensing technology was successfully ap-
plied to the domain of avalanche rescue. This chapter describes in detail how
the sequential steps of X’treme Prototyping were fulfilled. Furthermore, it
highlights how the use of an X’treme Prototype could enhance the cooperation
with domain experts and finally incoroporates a new sensing concept of human
heart-rate.
Chapter 7 covers the second case study where X’treme Prototyping was success-
fully applied to professional skiing. It reports on how an X’treme Prototype
proposes several sensing concepts and could inspire domain experts to think
beyond common routines and agree on a feasible sensing concept.
Chapter 8 summarizes and concludes this dissertation, and gives an outlook for
further research.
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